March 2026. Volume 22. Number 1

The non-inferiority of short-course treatment is not clear in children with febrile urinary tract infection

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AVC | Critically appraised articles

Sethi NJ, Carlsen ELM, Tabassum A, Cortes D, Mark Øw S, Schmidt IM, et al. Efficacy and safety of individualised versus standard 10-day antibiotic treatment in children with febrile urinary tract infection (INDI-UTI): a pragmatic, open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial in Denmark. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25(8):925-35.

Reviewers: Carvajal Encina F1, Pérez González E2.
1Unidad del Paciente Crítico Neonatal. Hospital La Serena. Universidad Católica del Norte. Coquimbo. Chile.
2Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena. Sevilla. España.
Correspondence: Fernando Carvajal Encina. Email: fcarvajale@gmail.com
Reception date: 23/02/2026
Acceptance date: 02/03/2026
Publication date: 11/03/2026

Abstract

Authors’ conclusions: children with febrile urinary tract infections (UTI) assigned to individualized treatment duration had an increased risk of recurrent UTI (by 5.3 percentage points) but reduced antibiotic use and fewer adverse event days within 28 days compared with those assigned to standard 10-day treatment.

Reviewers’ commentary: while individualized duration treatment reduces antibiotic expo-sure and side effects in children with febrile UTIs, it did not demonstrate non-inferiority, presenting a higher risk of recurrent infection (one in 19 patients compared to standard duration treatment). Therefore, further research is needed to establish its safety.

How to cite this article

Carvajal Encina F, Pérez González E. No está clara la no inferioridad del tratamiento corto en niños con infección febril del tracto urinario. Evid Pediatr. 2026;22:6.

AVC | Critically appraised articles

Sethi NJ, Carlsen ELM, Tabassum A, Cortes D, Mark Øw S, Schmidt IM, et al. Efficacy and safety of individualised versus standard 10-day antibiotic treatment in children with febrile urinary tract infection (INDI-UTI): a pragmatic, open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial in Denmark. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25(8):925-35.

Reviewers: Carvajal Encina F1, Pérez González E2.
1Unidad del Paciente Crítico Neonatal. Hospital La Serena. Universidad Católica del Norte. Coquimbo. Chile.
2Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena. Sevilla. España.
Correspondence: Fernando Carvajal Encina. Email: fcarvajale@gmail.com
Reception date: 23/02/2026
Acceptance date: 02/03/2026
Publication date: 11/03/2026

How to cite this article

Carvajal Encina F, Pérez González E. No está clara la no inferioridad del tratamiento corto en niños con infección febril del tracto urinario. Evid Pediatr. 2026;22:6.


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Linked Comment

Methodological note

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